How we got here.
From a global research finding, to a published framework, to the work in progress now — and the people behind it.
The IEA names the gap
Electricity 2026 quantifies it: more than a thousand gigawatts could be unlocked on existing infrastructure — but only by combining grid-enhancing technologies with calculated, risk-based operation. The hardware exists. The decision framework is missing.
Unlocking grid capacity through risk-based operation
We set out the three-layer framework — PRA, DSA, and grid-enhancing technologies, deployed in the right order — and show why technology potential rarely becomes system reality without a common risk baseline.
From N-1 to Virtual N-1
We take the next step: dismantling N-1 as a safety target and introducing conditional connection — Virtual N-1 — for an estimated further 10–20% of utilisable capacity. Combined, the full framework points to a 20–45% increase.
Why this is not theoretical
The Møre blackout in western Norway showed the risk signal climbing for 19 hours before the fault. With a probabilistic framework in the control room, the trajectory would have triggered reserve alerts and preventive switching long before the cascade. The cost was real. So was the warning.